1) The national flower of Japan is the cherry blossom, which holds great cultural significance and is celebrated during the annual cherry blossom festivals.

2) The word "yesterday" contains three vowels: E, A, and A.

3) The Sahara Desert, located in North Africa, is the largest hot desert in the world, covering an area of about 9.2 million square kilometers (3.6 million square miles). It is characterized by vast stretches of sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and extreme temperatures.

4) The English alphabet has five vowels: A, E, I, O, and U.