1) The Bank of England, established in 1694, is the central bank of the United Kingdom and one of the oldest central banks in the world.

2) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

3) The Beatles hold the record for the most number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, with 20 songs reaching the top spot.

4) The role of the media in politics is to provide information, analysis, and scrutiny of government actions, policies, and public affairs, serving as a watchdog and facilitating public discourse and transparency.